The following article by Ruy Teixeira, author of major works of political analysis and non-resident senior fellow of the American Enterprise Institute, is cross-posted from the Wall St. Journal, via A.E.I.:
“Noam Scheiber, a veteran labor reporter at the New York Times, wants you to believe in the college-educated working class. Many college-educated Americans, he contends, wind up in working-class retail and service-sector jobs that don’t use their education or in professional jobs that have become more “proletarianized” and therefore more working class. That claim is more supportable than the thesis Mr. Scheiber draws from it, namely the college-educated working class is becoming a dynamic force for progressive social change.
In “Mutiny,” Mr. Scheiber makes his case by telling a series of interwoven stories about Americans who’ve found themselves part of the college-educated working class. The stories range from workers at Starbucks, Apple stores and Amazon warehouses to aspiring screenwriters, videogame designers and adjunct professors. All are dissatisfied and all wind up involved with unions.
These stories are well told—Mr. Scheiber is a fine writer—and the precarity of these young workers’ lives is vividly evoked. It’s hard to graduate and find that your painfully acquired credentials don’t translate into anything like the job you were aiming for. Instead you’re at the whim of corporate overlords. Joining a union, or helping to create one, channels your disappointment into something concrete and potentially beneficial.
One graduate-turned-unionizer is Teddy Hoffman. Mr. Hoffman, who graduated from a prestigious liberal-arts college (Grinnell) in 2014, was awarded a highly competitive Watson Fellowship after college, traveled the world (“studying the intersection between disability activist groups and the performing arts”) and came back to pursue a career in the theater. He was a theater and English major at Grinnell and widely considered a star; his mentor at the college thought he’d become an artistic director of a theater or perhaps a theater professor.
It was not to be. After a lengthy attempt to make it in the theater in Chicago, he gave up and landed at Starbucks. He found the work boring, subject to arbitrary management dictates and not satisfactorily remunerative. He found meaning in forming a union. There he had success—Mr. Scheiber connects Mr. Hoffman’s story to that of overall unionization efforts at Starbucks.
So are graduates pouring out of elite colleges, joining the college-educated working class and responding with a thunderous “Union Yes”? For the most part, no. There will be some stories like Mr. Hoffman’s, but they are not representative. Coincidentally, my daughter also went to Grinnell and graduated in the same class as Mr. Hoffman. In her experience, and that of her friends, his trajectory is atypical.
That is not to say that a certain percentage of college graduates, from elite colleges and otherwise, don’t wind up in situations similar to Mr. Hoffman’s. Mr. Scheiber relates the story of Chaya Barrett, who graduated from Towson University in Maryland and aspired to a career in tech and marketing. The best she could do was work at an Apple store, where seemingly capricious management demands and scheduling took all the fun out of being a “Genius,” as Apple calls staff, and hardly paid the bills. She also went the unionization route.
Sydney Mitchel wanted to be a screenwriter and graduated from the dramatic writing department of New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts. She had some initial success getting writing jobs in Hollywood, pulling down $180,000 one year and on track to earn more than $300,000 with a new promotion. But Covid-19 and structural changes in the Hollywood production system derailed her career, and soon she was running out of money. She became active in the writers’ union.
One can sympathize with the urge of these young, educated workers to rebel against their situations. The problem lies in assessing the political and cultural valence of this subset of college graduates. Mr. Scheiber believes these “mutinying” college grads’ rebellion contributes to a burgeoning movement against contemporary capitalism that could unite the college-educated and non-college-educated working class.
I’m not so sure. These college graduates are an idiosyncratic subset of college grads who wind up in frustrating working-class situations and translate their frustrations into union activities. This is not common. The private-sector unionization rate in the U.S. is still less than 6%, which incidentally is about the percentage of Starbucks stores now unionized. And even those that are unionized have a hard time getting contracts.
Frustrated career aspirations and economic dissatisfaction are common among college graduates, perhaps unusually so today. But a four-year college degree still pays off as an investment, on average, both in terms of annual and lifetime earnings, if slightly less so than at its peak in the 1990s. Moreover, there are clear differences between the prospects of those who graduate with STEM degrees and those with humanities degrees, who are likely to be especially frustrated if they want to live in expensive blue-state metros.
Also, who knows how many young college graduates translate their frustrations into political orientations other than the socialist ones so evident in Mr. Scheiber’s book? After all, 46% of white college graduate men under 45 voted for Donald Trump in 2024. Mr. Scheiber’s “working class” college graduates carry a lot of cultural baggage that will limit their ability to unite with the traditional non-college-educated working class. The views of the former are way to the left of the latter. Two of the most widely publicized activities of the Starbucks union related to gay-pride flags and Gaza—not exactly standard working-class issues.
Mr. Scheiber’s book is useful as a guide to unionization activities among recent college graduates. But it does not make a convincing case that the college-educated working class is a harbinger of broader social change. Maybe your next latte at Starbucks will be drawn by the new Walter Reuther or John L. Lewis. But I doubt it.”


