It’s a week, a month, a year when Republicans will continue to demand federal legislation to prevent the phantom menace of non-citizen voting. So at New York I wrote about new evidence that the whole thing is just an excuse to keep citizens from voting.
This week, congressional Republicans will counter Democratic demands for ICE reform by changing the topic to alleged noncitizen voting. The House is expected to pass the SAVE (Safeguard American Voter Eligibility) Act once again, though Democrats are sure to block it in the Senate. The SAVE Act would prevent roughly 21 million U.S. citizens from voting by requiring that they produce documentation they don’t have (like a Real ID, passport, or birth certificate). The premise for this legislation is dubious. It suggests that vast numbers of people are defying existing federal and state laws prohibiting noncitizen voting and influencing U.S. elections.
It’s hard to overstate the importance of the myth of mass noncitizen voting to the MAGA mind-set. It’s at the heart of the white-supremacist Great Replacement Theory, which claims nonwhite immigrants are taking over America via the ballot box. And it’s not just fringe voices pushing this myth. It’s the basis for Donald Trump’s bizarre claim in 2016 that he would have won the popular vote against Hillary Clinton if not for the “millions” of votes cast by illegal immigrants. It’s a key part of Trump’s 2020 “stolen election” claim as well. In 2024, it ascended to the level of a foundational myth in MAGA circles. Throughout the campaign, Trump claimed America had been destroyed by traitorous Democrats who had opened the borders to herd millions of criminals into the country. Supposedly, once here, these “worst of the worst” aliens preyed on innocent citizens, fleeced taxpayers by accessing welfare benefits, and went to the polls to keep their Democrat enablers in power.
Given that background, it’s no surprise that the second Trump administration has put so much emphasis on aggressive mass-deportation efforts and on addressing mostly imaginary noncitizen voting with executive orders (like the one he issued in March on “election integrity”), legislative proposals (like the SAVE Act), and sinister-sounding plans to monitor and perhaps “take over” polling places during the 2026 midterms, potentially with armed thugs.
There has never been any evidence of signifiant levels of noncitizen voting in the United States. As Michael Waldman of the Brennan Center for Justice observed in 2024, it’s an “urban myth”:
“It’s worth saying, once again, that the notion of widespread noncitizen voting is a lie. An urban myth. It’s simply not true. States have a multiplicity of systems in place to prevent it from happening. Noncitizen voting is illegal four times over, and the reality is that it’s incredibly rare. My colleagues at the Brennan Center have compiled these resources on the topic. We’re fighting fear with facts.”
Recently, several states have conducted investigations into noncitizen voting, checking voter rolls against citizenship status. As Stephen Richer, a Republican and a former local-election official from Arizona, pointed out in a New York Times op-ed last week, all of these probes found noncitizen voting is “virtually nonexistent.”
Richer cited data from multiple states: There’s Utah, where an analysis of 2.1 million voter registrations found one noncitizen; Idaho, where noncitizens were found to represent “10 thousandths of a percent” of the voter rolls; and Louisiana, whose 390 verified noncitizen voters sounds substantial until you realize there are 2.9 million registered voters there; and Georgia, “in some ways the model for these investigations,” where a 2024 audit found 20 noncitizens among 8.9 million people on the voting rolls.
Michigan, said Richer, offers a good example of how even the tiny numbers of suspected noncitizens tend to melt away on examination:
“In Michigan, the Macomb County clerk, Anthony Forlini, who is running for the top election office in the state, the secretary of state, recently announced to great fanfare that he’d found 15 noncitizens on his county’s voter rolls of over 724,000 registered voters. The incumbent secretary of state, Jocelyn Benson, then tasked her team with investigating the 15 files. It found that three of the people were U.S. citizens, four were previously removed from voter rolls, four were under further investigation and four do seem to be noncitizens.”
Richer added his own testimony: “In my four years in office in Maricopa County overseeing voter registration, I came across a total of two possible instances of noncitizens voting out of some 2.5 million registered voters.”
No, these jurisdictions don’t include the entire country, but if the conspiracy theory of a nationwide Democrat plot to overwhelm the country with noncitizen voting were real, there would be evidence everywhere. Instead, it’s nowhere.
We’ll hear much more this midterm election year about the SAVE Act and perhaps about ICE raids on or near polling places. These aggressive efforts to root out voter fraud are unnecessary and dangerous; they’re a real threat to democracy masquerading as a way to address an imaginary threat to democracy. The Big Lie of widespread noncitizen voting is a far bigger problem than the minimal noncitizen voting that appears to exist. Instead of making American citizens show their papers to exercise their constitutional rights, MAGA folk should be challenged to show their evidence.



