There’s abundant evidence that if it were held today, a general election rematch of Joe Biden and Donald Trump would show the 46th president in serious trouble. He’s trailing Trump in national and most battleground-state polls, his job-approval rating is at or below 40 percent, his 2020 electoral base is very shaky, and the public mood, particularly on the economy, is decidedly sour.
The standard response of Biden loyalists to the bad recent polling news is to say “The election is a year away!,” as though public-opinion data this far out is useless. But it’s only useless if Biden turns things around, and while there’s plenty of time for that to happen, there has to be a clear sense of what he needs to secure victory and how to go about meeting those needs. Vox’s Andrew Prokop provides a good summary of possible explanations for Biden’s current position:
“One theory: Biden is blowing it — the polls are a clear warning sign that the president has unique flaws as a candidate, and another Democrat would likely be doing better.
“A second theory: Biden’s facing a tough environment — voters have decided they don’t like the economy or the state of the world, and, fairly or not, he’s taking the brunt of it.
“And a third theory: Biden’s bad numbers will get better — voters aren’t even paying much attention yet, and as the campaign gears up, the president will bounce back.”
The first theory, in my opinion, is irrelevant; Biden isn’t going to change his mind about running for reelection, and it’s simply too late for any other Democrat to push him aside. And the second and third theories really point to the same conclusion: The president is currently too unpopular to win in 2024 and needs to find a way to change the dynamics of a general-election contest with Trump.
There’s not much question that Biden needs to improve his popularity at least modestly. There is only one president in living memory with job-approval ratings anything like Biden’s going into his reelection year who actually won; that would be Harry Truman in 1948, and there’s a reason his successful reelection is regarded as one of the great upsets in American political history. There are others, including Barack Obama, who looked pretty toasty at this point in a first term and still won reelection but who managed to boost their popularity before Election Day (Obama boosted his job-approval rating, per Gallup, from 42 percent at the end of November 2011 to 52 percent when voters went to the polls 11 months later).
Given the current state of partisan polarization, it’s unlikely Biden can get majority job approval next year even with the most fortunate set of circumstances. But the good news for him is that he probably doesn’t have to. Job-approval ratings are crucial indicators in a normal presidential reelection cycle that is basically a referendum on the incumbent’s record. Assuming Trump is the Republican nominee, 2024 will not be a normal reelection cycle for three reasons.
First, this would be the exceedingly rare election matching two candidates with presidential records to defend, making it inherently a comparative election (it has happened only once, in 1888, when President Benjamin Harrison faced former president Grover Cleveland). In some respects (most crucially, perceptions of the economy), the comparison might favor Trump. In many others (e.g., Trump’s two impeachments and insurrectionary actions feeding his current legal peril), the comparison will likely favor Biden.
Second, Trump is universally known and remains one of the most controversial figures in American political history. It’s not as though he will have an opportunity to remold his persona or repudiate words and actions that make him simply unacceptable to very nearly half the electorate. Trump’s favorability ratio (40 percent to 55 percent, per RealClearPolitics polling averages) is identical to Biden’s.
And third, Trump seems determined to double down on the very traits that make him so controversial. His second-term plans are straightforwardly authoritarian, and his rhetoric of dehumanizing and threatening revenge against vast swaths of Americans is getting notably and regularly harsher.
So Biden won’t have to try very hard to make 2024 a comparative — rather than a self-referendum — election. And his strategic goal is simply to make himself more popular than his unpopular opponent while winning at least a draw among the significant number of voters who don’t particularly like either candidate.
This last part won’t be easy. Trump won solidly in both 2016 and 2020 among voters who said they didn’t like either major-party candidate (the saving grace for Biden was that there weren’t that many of them in 2020; there will probably be an awful lot of them next November). So inevitably, the campaign will need to ensure that every persuadable voter has a clear and vivid understanding of Trump’s astounding character flaws and extremist tendencies. What will make this process even trickier is the availability of robust independent and minor-party candidates who could win a lot of voters disgusted by a Biden-Trump rock fight.
So the formula for a Biden reelection is to do everything possible to boost his job-approval ratings up into the mid-40s or so and then go after Trump with all the abundant ammunition the 45th president has provided him. The more popular Biden becomes, the more he can go back to the “normalcy” messaging that worked (albeit narrowly) in 2020.
If the economy goes south or overseas wars spread or another pandemic appears, not even the specter of an unleashed and vengeful authoritarian in the White House will likely save Biden; the same could be true if Uncle Joe suffers a health crisis or public lapses in his powers of communication. But there’s no reason he cannot win reelection with some luck and skill — and with the extraordinary decision of the opposition party to insist on nominating Trump for a third time. Yes, the 45th president has some political strengths of his own, but he would uniquely help Biden overcome the difficulty of leading a profoundly unhappy nation.
Heh, I have to admit, I echo the above sentiments of Jim J in wondering who in their right mind could even be thinking of wanting to re-elect this guy.
I mean I can see the gay-bashers and the militant pro-lifers and such wanting to re-elect him by reviving their time-honored “civilization is desintegrating” theme. But who beyond his base could want him around any longer I don’t really understand.
Whenever someone says he’s strong on something, I want to echo George from the episode of Seinfeld where Jerry tries to sleep with Elaine without dating her: “Where are you living? Are you here? Are you on this planet?” I mean really, what has Bush done for security (or anything else) that get these people to just blindly believe he’s better? And that’s the funniest part of all; when you actually ask, most will admit they can’t think of anything. Or they’ll cite the Afghan war, which as I recall EVERYONE was in favor of.
But I have faith. It may not have been Kerry’s week, but the polls showing Bush ahead are quite flawed (they were taken DURING his convention speech, for pete’s sake), and the assumption that more Republicans will vote than Democrats is quite unfounded, particularly given Democrats’ strong dislike of Bush. And as I’ve said before, no incumbent has been re-elected with a margin of support as narrow as Bush’s.
Remember, Carter was ahead in 1980, despite all the bad news, right up till late October.
here’s why keery is so frustrating…he should of said ..knowing what i know now( knowing the truth about WMD) i would not vote for the war. and for a kicker asking “why did you lie to the Senate Mr. Bush”
how hard would that have been to say?….now bush has inverted kerry’s strength and bush’s weakness ..namely iraq..iraq should be slam dunk(quoting george tenet) for kerry. instead he threw the bal to the other team.
Jim-
The problem wasn’t that Kerry said he’d vote for the war. It was that Kerry said he’d vote to give Bush the same authority, Bush translated that as Kerry saying he’d vote for the war, then the media just buying into Bush’s translation. Then when Kerry amplifies on his original theme, Bush says it’s flip-flopping and the media again buys it.
Would it have been so hard for the media to distinguish “voting for the war” from “voting for the authority, but with a different understanding of what would follow….”?
I have never seen anything like this sudden dropoff of support for one candidate in the absence of a real scandal.
Can someone explain to me how the Repub convention helped Bush so much when only about 5 million people — most already Repubs — watched it?
I can’t believe it’s all the Swift Boat stuff.
I think it has a lot to do with when Kerry said he’d vote for the war even knowing what he knows now. I think he jumped the shark with that one.
What a freakin’ shame.
warp,
my comments about edwards response was meant to sound sarcastic.
Kerry is not giving lectures about Bush’s Guard service. It’s done through surrogates and the 527s. But you are guilty of a double standard if you argue that negative, over the top attacks (swift boaters, Cheney’s threat) are helpful when the republicans do it but harmful when Dems respond in kind. The recent revelations do chip away at Bush’s facade as an honest, straight shooter. Maybe not for the radical right, but we’re talking about a few percent of independents who may be taken in by this phony macho posturing. Kerry is doing what he has to do – convince people that the policies of the last 4 years have failed and it’s time for someone else. The majority have more or less accepted the first part of this. Now he has to make them accept the second.
Virtually everything I remember from my now aqncient survey research courses is screaming that the last time you would take a poll would be over a holiday weekend. People are traveling, visiting grandma, up at the cabin, at the state fair — whatever, or at the mall school shopping. All of this would skew the sample like crazy. Yea — I know you want to measure post convention bounce, but you also want to measure when random techniques actually randomize — and who is home answering the phone over labor day weekend works against that.
But could it be that the pollsters have reversid the basic rules of survey research? an inquiring mind wants to know.
warp,
i am talking about getting elected ..not conducting a war.
kerry NEEDS to bushspeak…the undecided are also uninterested..make it simple stupid, and LOUD.
bush dosent’ challenge the weaknesses of kerry…he challenges the strengths..that has alawys been roves style.
when i hear edward say that cheney “crossed the line” o my gosh!!! dickey .b bad boy. horse shit!!!
friend the repubs are playing for keeps..dems stop the mealy mouthing and go for the jugular…in short declaritive statements for the uninterested independants.
watch how kerry gets no spin and bounce out of the nat’l guard thing. if he starts in on a 45 minute soliliquy on gw’s f..ng “DESERTION” i’m going scream.
been there done that in 2000.
I just went to CBS News and downloaded the poll data. The weighted total of respondents is 33% Democratic, 32% Republican, and 35% Independent (which way the Independents lean is not specified.) The total number of RV’s is given, but not broken down by party; there is no LV screen.
Personally, I’m a bit skeptical of the results. They have Kerry viewed unfavorably by RV’s by a 9-point margin, which is out of line with most reputable recent polls. I doubt the GOP convention drew that much blood. CBS polls have shown some rather odd swings in recent months, including in several surveys that were more favorable to Kerry than others. So I’m not sure what or who to believe.
Does anyone have the internals on the poll released this morning by CBS News showing a 49-42 Bush lead? The poll apparently was amongst registered voters. I have to admit that it was a little depressing hearing about it.
I’m wondering if some of the same party affiliation distribution problems discussed at this website over the past few days were at play in this poll as they seemed to be in the Gallup, Time and Newsweek results. I gave a brief look at the story on the cbsnews.com website and couldn’t find anything really relating to this, except that they’re claiming that Kerry’s support amongst Democrats is much weaker than Bush’s is amongst Republicans. That doesn’t agree with what Gallup published in its poll.
Tim – I don’t know what Kerry said yesterday, but this issue can’t be handled in Bushspeak. If you’re gonna use short “declaritive” sentences at least you need to speak in english (let Bush declare that OBGYNs can’t “practice their love with women” or that he signed a spending measure to provide soldiers in Iraq with the “body parts” they need.) Today’s NYT editorial addresses your criticism, suggesting that Kerry has painted himself into a corner. But they also say that the mess in Iraq is Bush’s mess. So direct your anger there. I don’t think the majority in this country wants to see the US withdraw immediately and leave a bigger disaster in Iraq. But neither do they want to pursue Bush’s failure. Like it or not Bush has made Iraq part of the war on terror. That doesn’t mean it can’t be fought with anything but troops and armor. The trouble with the Bush crowd is that all they know how to do is drop bombs. You’ve heard the expression: When the only tool you have in your bag is a hammer soon every problem begins to look like a nail.
I also came to comment that the Labor day statistic is bunk as the republicans just had their convention the week before. When has that ever happened before? And they are still in loser territory compared to historical data that look 4 to six weeks past the conventions?
It’s obvious that the republicans know they’re in trouble and they are being forced to more and more desperate measures. The pollsters like Gallup are clearly in a tough spot because they are pushing the envelope, trying to stretch their data to give Bush a lead. But if things deteriorate any further it will become harder for them to do so and still hold on to their credibility. Republicans are already in the middle of a voter suppression effort by making this the dirtiest, most negative campaign in history. The larger question is when do they start turning to outright thuggishness, using their patented methods of voter intimidation.
zogby was right..its kerry’s to loose…and loosing he is.
can’t he just say something simple and uncomplicted and comprehensible to the average Joe. it seems not!.
bush is a creep and worse ….utterly uniterstestd in the lives of those who have been killed by his commands.immoral, a liar , and withour compassion and emaphty.
and kerry is going to lose this thing because he can not speak in short declaritve sentences.
does that mean he can’t think in short declaritive thoughts?
yesterday he referd to the war on iraq as part of the war on terror. instead of saying he was tired or mispsoke or somehting, his people went into some long convultued explanition of why this is not that and a is c and a dog is or is not a cat.
its kerry’s to loose and he is doing his damdest to loose.
And one more thing: Ruy, I’m begging you to write this up as an op-ed piece–just this little counter-analysis, plain and simple, should be lovely little item for the newspapers.
Complain to Gallup and demand a correction–they have a “contact us” comment form on their site. This is not just an instance of a little “push” in the analysis–this is simply erroneous methodolgy with an erroneous conclusion.
I just saw a great bumper sticker that I really liked. . . and was wondering if anyone knew where I could get one.
It read:
“re-defeat Bush in 2004”
enough said
I did not realize that they swtched from RVs to LVs, but it was clear this was bunk analysis.
comparing an incumbent/challenger to challenger/challenger is apples to oranges.
As has been noted, the RNC was just before labor day this year, obviously skewing results.
17, even if we could use all of the elections as equal is too small a sample to mean anything.
The relevant data, I would think would be how many incumbent Presidents won without having 50% of registered voters (smoothing out convention bounces), in a two way race.
The truth is that Bush is dangerously close to winning the election, and the key word is “dangerously”.
Everytime I hear some talking head say, “Bush’s strength is national security . . .” I want to puke. Bush failed to complete his service in the National Guard. He ignored a briefing, titled Osama Bin Laden determined to attack in the U.S. With the U.S. under attack, he sat dumbfounded in a grade school classroom, then went flying hither and yon to protect his own ass. He took us to war on false pretenses. He has alienated our allies, destroyed the credibility of the U.S. before the United Nations. He has conspicuously ignored the Constitution’s habeas corpus guarantee, and defies the Supreme Court’s mild requirements. He has commissioned lawyers to “justify” torture and the violation of international accords, which used to provide some protection for our troops. His “plan” for Iraq was practically non-existent. He didn’t find Osama or Mullah Omar. He didn’t find the anthrax guy. He neglected the Israeli-Palestinian thing, letting it boil over. He practically goaded North Korea into developing nuclear weapons. Ditto with Iran. The administration now OPPOSES verification measures of any kind in an important nuclear non-proliferation treaty. The situation in Pakistan is near-catastrophic. We are losing control of Iraq.
What possible basis is there, for considering “national security” Bush’s strong suit.?
Are the American people a bunch of colossal ignoramuses? Is Kerry just not making the case against Bush? This is the kind of information we need to get from polls, not useless “inside baseball” on whether precedent suggests winning or losing trends, given the numbers in 1936 or 1948 or 1956.
We’ve known the election is too close to call for the better part of a year. Enough already.
We need to know why the worst President, at least since Herbert Hoover, with a record of unmistakeable failure, still has even a shot at winning. What accounts for that? What are the American people, who are even considering voting for Bush “thinking” ??!!!?? Seriously. What planet are these people living on? What argument or information makes Bush a plausible candidate or even a “likeable” guy?
What the hell is likeable about that smug, arrogant, smirking, incompetent moron?????
I’m just trying to look at what bright side is left. The abyss that faces us if he’s reelected is so dark and huge I confess I have trouble coping with it.
So few Americans understand how alone this nation will be with Bush in for another four. No allies for the next inevitable war(s). Economic and human rights and environmental sanctions from the EU, etc. As we become economically and militarily weaker, the world will focus on other countries for leadership. More terror attacks will come as the the myth of U.S. military invincibility continues to be disproven.
Our scientists and educators will begin a brain drain as Southern fundamentalists increase their grip on power. Social misfits, i.e., gays and liberals, will be culled from society through the use of unfair hiring practices and possibly loyalty oaths in the workplace.
It is so bad I can hardly stand it.
And also: isn’t Labor Day a worthless date this year since the GOP convention was so late?
Jim J.. we really don’t want that. But if it comes to it the country will need to purge itself of everything Bush come 2008. Notice the fact that there’s been a Bush on every ballot since 1980.. save 1996. The Dem’s will need to lay the groundwork during a second Bush term to what Ruy’s blog is all about… a Democratic majority. That means repudiating everything Republican.. laying everything out to the American people. I lot of I told you so’s will have to be said.
Also notice another trend… if you want budget deficits as far as the eye can see.. elect a Bush to executive office. The Dems have always had to clean up after the Bush mess.
Jim J, That’s if this country could stand another 4 years of this mad man.
Gallup’s machinations are good. A slight Bush lead will scare enough people to come out and vote for Kerry who might not otherwise.
A huge Bush lead, however, works to demoralize and suppress our turnout. Hopefully Bush’s “bounce” will continue to bleed from many cuts and Kerry can close in the homestretch.
You know, even if Bush wins, it might be fun to watch him continue to bleed because of his own policies and mistakes, LBJ style. I think plenty of us deep down might like a total Bush meltdown more than a Kerry presidency.
Ruy, question:
how many of those incumbents or challengers had their conventions just before Labor Day?
Bush’s convention was later than usual, so his Labor Day numbers are artificially inflated by his convention bounce, while the numbers of the incumbents he’s being compared to have already subsided from their bounces.
Gallup has had Bush at 50, 51, or 52 since July 31st.
They were the “pollsters” who tried to convince everyone that Kerry got a NEGATIVE bounce during the Democratic convention.
They are 100% trying to help Bush. They showed him at 50 or above every single poll since July 31st. Bull!
They tried to drop the hammer on Kerry in the DNC, then they tried to drop it a second time coming out of the RNC.
They’re advocates. Deduct three from Bush, add three to Kerry, when dealing with Gallup. They are wrong by AT LEAST that much.
I was skeptical of this “poll” from the start.
At first Bush had a 12-point lead, now it’s down to 7.
Now, with the evidence that Bush was a deserter and the Iraq death tolld exceeding 1000, I think Kerry will likely jump ahead.
Hopefully Bush isn’t delaying the capture of Osama for political gain. I think that if Osama is captured between now and November second, it would look too suspicious anyway…
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They have missed the last four presidential elections by an average of almost 4 million voters, and that’s just between the Republican and the Democrat. They’re obviously not getting paid because they’re good.
You don’t really think they are trying so hard to sell Bush because it’s true, do you?
Go back and look at their numbers after the Dem Convention. Remember the poll that announced Kerry got a negative bounce? THEM.
Their current “work” is a study in contrived polling, designed to get a specific result. They are major advocates for Bush this time, and have been trying to give him a boost for 6 weeks.
Wow, gallup a partisan advocacy group. Amazing. I learn so much from this site, thank you.
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Good stuff, Ruy.
These two paragraphs bear repeating:
“In 17 of 17 cases, going back to 1936, the labor day margin between the candidates changed enough for Kerry to tie or surpass Bush in the popular vote and, in 12 of 17 of those cases, the change was in Kerry’s direction (i.e., that is, in the direction of the candidate who was behind among RVs on labor day).”
“Moreover, if you compare Bush’s position to the position of incumbent presidents who won their campaigns for re-election, it doesn’t look auspicious. In 9 cases, going back to 1936, winning incumbent presidents on labor day had an average lead of 12 points and a median lead of 11 points among RVs.”
GALLUP has sold out, and they are campaign operatives, not pollsters.
More than that Ruy –
That don’t count 2000 – but htey count all the FDR landslides. Something weird happened at Gallup with this. Wonder what?
Once again, at what point do you start caring about LVs?
“Maybe I’m biased, but I have a really hard time seeing George W. Bush as Harry Truman.”
More importantly, it’s hard to think that Kerry could be as feckless as Dewey was.
Maybe I’m one of those doom and gloom Democrats too but I’m more and more convinced that George W. Bush is going to win. I mean, when you look at all the different polls, Bush is either tied or ahead but on almost all the fundamentals, Kerry is ahead. Why is it that people almost all prefer Kerry until the pollsters ask the all important question?